Bone Fracture Analysis

• Fracture sites

• Fracture gap size

• Number of fragments

• Displacement and angulation

• Callus volume and Density

Crack analysis parameters

Parameter Name	Symbol	Unit
Main crack path length	Lm	mm
Projected crack length (depth)	Lp	mm
Crack path tortuosity	Lm/Lp	1
Crack angle	θ	°
Crack width	w	mm
Crack-Tip Opening Displacement	CTOD	mm
Crack separation	Sp	mm
Displacement	d	mm
Deflection	δ	mm
Fracture Surface Area	Afr	mm²
Porosity (Void volume fraction)	p	%

References

Understanding the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Lair-1 for fracture healing Shalviry, Sara McGill University, 2025. Thesis. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/j6731986q

Fracture characteristics of human cortical bone influenced by the duration of in vitro glycation Mei-Chun Lin, Praveer Sihota, Sofie Dragoun Kolibová, Imke A.K. Fiedler, Johannes Krug, Eva M. Wölfel, Manuela Moritz, Maria Riedner, Benjamin Ondruschka, Mustafa Citak, Felix Klebig, Felix N. von Brackel, Mahan Qwamizadeh, Katharina Jähn-Rickert and Björn Busse JBMR Plus, ziae151, November 2024 https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae151

When Cortical Bone Matrix Properties Are Indiscernible between Elderly Men with and without Type 2 Diabetes, Fracture Resistance Follows Suit. Wölfel, E.M., Bartsch, B., Koldehoff, J., Fiedler, I.A.K., Dragoun-Kolibova, S., Schmidt, F.N., Krug, J., Lin, M.-C., Püschel, K., Ondruschka, B., Zimmermann, E.A., Jelitto, H., Schneider, G., Gludovatz, B. and Busse, B. JBMR Plus, e10839, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10839